An obligation is an understood commitment people have to each other and towards protecting the values of their society. An authentic obligation cannot be required by law, society, or religion. Instead, an authentic obligation is fulfilled simply because it is an obligation, not for any other reasons. In Antigone, the only character that acts from authentic obligations is Antigone herself. All of Antigone’s actions are out of respect for the gods and because it is the right thing to do. She has no regard for the laws of her city and the command of her king. Antigone has an obligation to give her brother a proper burial because it is the will of the gods. Antigone believes this is the only morally correct action and goes to great lengths to fulfill her obligation. In contrast, Creon’s actions are motivated by a duty to protect the city and a desire to maintain control. Creon does not have an obligation to the city; he is king and it is his job to protect the city. All of his actions are based on his position in society. Creon decides to free Antigone because he fears the revolt of the people and losing his power. He does not free her because it is the morally right thing to do, but he is moved by his own selfish desires. Additionally, conflicting obligations can be reconciled by determining which obligations are authentic and not directly demanded by society or one’s desires. An obligation to do what is right should always come before following the laws created by men. Though Antigone has a responsibility to follow the laws of the state, her obligation to Zeus and justice is more significant. Antigone commits herself to what is right, by upholding the will of the gods and giving up everything to fulfill her obligations.
Bibliography
Sophocles. Three Theban Plays: Antigone; Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus. Translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin Books, 1984.